MDM2 and breast cancer: It has been reported that apigenin possesses growth inhibitory properties in breast cancer, inducing apoptosis by: (i) the involvement of the caspase cascade [73]; (ii) inhibiting STAT3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells [74]; (iii) reducing the activity of both PI3K and Akt kinase [75] and regulating the p14ARF-Mdm2-p53 pathway [76].