CTLA4 and metastatic melanoma: In 2010, a phase 3 clinical trial demonstrated that anti-CTLA-4 mAb improved overall survival (OS) in previously treated metastatic melanoma patients and, in 2011, it was shown that ipilimumab (Yervoy®) combined with standard chemotherapy also improved clinical outcome in previously untreated metastatic melanoma patients compared to chemotherapy alone [1].