As shown in Table 5 for MetS, there were a significant two-way model involving BUD13 rs623908 and smoking (P < 0.001), a three-way model involving BUD13 rs623908, CETP rs820299, and smoking (P < 0.001), a four-way model involving BUD13 rs623908, CETP rs820299, LIPA rs1412444, and smoking (P < 0.001), as well as a five-way model involving BUD13 rs623908, CETP rs820299, LIPA rs1412444, smoking, and physical activity (P < 0.001), indicating a potential gene-environment interaction among BUD13, CETP, LIPA, smoking, and physical activity in influencing MetS. Here, LIPA is linked to metabolic syndrome.