BUD13 and metabolic syndrome: While our results showed that the individuals carrying the G allele of BUD13 rs623908 had a protective effect (OR = 0.75) for MetS (as compared to those carrying the AA genotype of BUD13 rs623908), the interaction effect between BUD13 rs623908 and smoking on MetS yielded an OR value of 1.61 when we compared smokers carrying the G allele of BUD13 rs623908 with non-smokers carrying the AA genotype of BUD13 rs623908.