Aclidinium bromide was less effective than fluticasone propionate in inhibiting cytokine secretion in neutrophils from healthy individuals, achieving 72, 50, 46, 39 and 33 % of the maximal inhibition for IL-8, MMP9, IL-1β, CCL-5 and GM-CSF, respectively; however, in neutrophils from COPD patients, it exhibited similar inhibitory effects. Here, CCL5 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.