NFE2L2 and cancer: Core components of the pathway itself are some of the most frequently mutated genes in cancer, with mutations in NRF2 and KEAP1 occurring in diverse tumour types (Singh et al, 2006; Shibata et al, 2008a, 2008b; Kim et al, 2010; Zhang et al, 2010; Yoo et al, 2012).