ELOVL5 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Here Gly-MCA treatment induced a significant reduction of hepatic lipid and fatty acid levels, suggesting efficient suppression of lipid and fatty acid synthesis in HFD-fed mice, which was confirmed by the downregulation in expression of lipid and fatty acid synthesis-related genes, including Srebp1c, Cidea, Fasn, Acaca, Elovl5, and Elovl6. Further, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations are another metabolic variable of obesity and have been linked to large amounts of SCFAs, such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate, providing an additional source of energy for the body (33).