Peripheral tissues of metabolic importance are also imprinted in rodent species by maternal HFD treatment, for instance pancreatic β-cell interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 3 (Il13ra3) and hepatic cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (cdkn1a) both are decreased in methylation and are associated with elevated risks for metabolic syndrome (Jiménez-Chillarón et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene CDKN1A and metabolic syndrome.