TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Moreover, the changes in the methylation of TNFRSF1A, HRAS, PDGFB, and MYC and the deregulation of mir-101, mir-182, mir-340, mir-302d, let-7a, mir-421, and mir-590 during stage III HCC may induce changes in the MAPK and TGF-β pathways, resulting in the aberrant regulation of the target genes of TFs NFKB1 in the MAPK pathway andE2F4 in the TGF-β pathway (CAPNS1, CYLD, GATA4, NEK2, PANK1), and subsequent dysfunction in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, cell survival, and metastasis (Figure 4).