Higher frequencies of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells were observed in the tumors treated with RdB/IL12/shVEGF in comparison to RdB-, RdB/shVEGF-, or RdB/IL12-treated tumor tissues (Figures 5A and 5B), indicating that RdB/IL12/shVEGF induced the strongest activation and recruitment of T cells to the tumor tissues. Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.