Among the mainly pathways related to the up-regulated genes, several important immune pathways involved in defending against the virus infection were found (Fig 5B, S6 Table), including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, and JAK-stat signal pathway, indicating that the A. pernyi midgut initiated the immune system after the virus invasion. Here, AKT1 is linked to viral infectious disease.