TNF and ischemia: Figure 6C,D show that TLR-4, IL-6 and TNFα were remarkably increased in ex vivo rat hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury (n = 4, P < 0.01 vs. sham group), and acacetin decreased the inflammatory responses in a concentration-dependent manner (n = 4 for each group, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 vs. vehicle).