Recent studies have provided evidence that several proteins in the ketogenesis pathway, including HMGCS2, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT1), D-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL), and 3-ketoacid-coenzyme A transferase 1 (OXCT1), were upregulated in prostate cancer cells [21]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGCL and prostate cancer.