Cumulative evidence suggested that ketone body production and reutilization can drive an increase in tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer, and several proteins involved in the ketogenesis pathway (HMGCS2, ACAT1, BDH1, HMGCL, and OXCT1) have also been observed to be up-regulated in prostate cancer. This evidence concerns the gene HMGCL and breast carcinoma.