CpG sites marking the COPD- and lung function-associated genes NOTCH4, SERPINA1, FAM13A, TNS1, PPT2, CHRNA5, PPAP2B, CHRNA3, RARB, CHRNA4, ARMC2, CCDC38, MECOM, ADAMTS19, HHIP, and ZKSCAN3/ZSCAN31 were also all found within the blue module. Here, ZKSCAN3 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.