When we confirmed expression of proinflammatory genes under the induction of inflammation with LPS or IL-1β, expressions of IL-1β or COX-2 by RT-PCR were upregulated in ALS patients compared with normal controls in iPSCs (Fig 6A and 6B) and neural rosettes (Fig 6C). This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.