VDAC1 and Alzheimer disease: While multiple proteins are known to be subject to oxidative modification in AD brain tissues (including enolase, TPI, PGM1, CK, LDH, GAPDH, aconitase, aldolase, VDAC, and ATP synthase [108, 112–114]) a previous region-specific analysis by Sultana et al. determined that the hippocampus was specifically enriched in oxidated variants of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L-1 (UCH L-1), peptidyl prolyl cis–trans isomerase, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, dihydropyrimidinase-related protein2, carbonic anhydrase II, triose phosphate isomerase, α-enolase, and γ-SNAP [108].