To improve the efficacy of MSC treatment for IBD, these progenitor/stem cells have also been coated with antibodies against mucosal addressin cell adhesion moledule-1 (MAdCAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), both of which were shown to increase cell delivery to inflamed intestinal regions [104]. Here, VCAM1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.