In addition, as shown in Fig. 6, the remaining Nestin level in FA group (12.92 ± 0.48 %) was significantly lower compared with NTD group (61.52 ± 1.10 %, P <0.05), but was much higher than that in control group (5.64 ± 0.59 %, P <0.05), suggesting that FA supplementation markedly improved the impaired differentiation ability of NSCs in NTD. Here, NES is linked to neural tube defect.