The gene EIF2AK4 encodes a kinase termed general control nonderepressable 2 (GCN2) which phosphorylates the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α leading to a global down regulation of protein synthesis in response to amino acid starvation, hypoxia and viral infection but the up-regulation of specific stress response proteins [35]. The gene discussed is EIF2A; the disease is viral infectious disease.