Although there was no difference in the level of PAR2 expression between α-cells (which were insulin negative) of normal (Figures 9a and b), and T1D patients (Figures 9f and h), all glucagon-insulin co-positive cells exhibited high PAR2 expression (quantified in Figure 9i), as predicted by the murine studies. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and type 1 diabetes mellitus.