APP and Alzheimer disease: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in humans, is pathologically characterized by the extracellular deposition of beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ), the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles due to an abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau at specific epitopes, subsequent neuroinflammation, loss of synaptic plasticity, and neuronal death [6].