The observed OTUs alpha diversity (p = 0.027) but not Chao 1 (p = 0.063) was significantly lower in T2DM than in the control group; there was no difference in alpha diversity between control and HNF1A-MODY, HNF1A, and T2DM groups (Figure 4). The gene discussed is HNF1A; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.