NFKB1 and glioblastoma: An in vitro study using 8401 GBM cell line found that curcumin decreased cell proliferation, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, induced DNA fragmentation, induced apoptosis via a caspase-dependent pathway (caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9), and inhibited NF-κB transcription factor activity [42].