While our findings are consonant with the effect of CDCs on similar histopathologic end points in swine models of myocardial infarction and hibernating myocardium in vivo, additional long-term studies using CDCs with nSMase knocked down in chronic large animal models will be required to establish the impact of inhibiting CDC exosome release in vivo. Here, SMPD2 is linked to myocardial infarction.