Consistent with this hypothesis, the level of IL-1β in pericardial fluid in patients with ischaemic heart disease was found to behigher than in patients with both valvular and congenital heart disease.7 Namiki et al.8 reported that endothelin-1 concentrations in the pericardial fluid were more elevated in patients with ischaemic heart disease than in those with non-ischaemic heart disease. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is heart disorder.