EGFR and neoplasm: The cells that were employed are human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a model for vascular endothelium; RAW 264.7 murine macrophages as a model for tumor-resident macrophages; human biliary adenocarcinoma (SK-ChA-1) cells as model for PDT-recalcitrant perihilar cholangiocarcinomas; and EGFR-overexpressing human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells to further elaborate on the preliminary experimental results.