TNF and hemophagocytic syndrome: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome mediated by the uncontrolled activation of immune cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, and histiocytes) and elevated cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α) [1].