We and others have previously demonstrated that anti-Nogo-A immunotherapy stimulates dendritic and axonal remodeling and increases dendritic spine density in the contralesional sensorimotor cortex after stroke (Papadopoulos et al., 2002, 2006; Wiessner et al., 2003; Seymour et al., 2005; Tsai et al., 2007, 2011; Lindau et al., 2014). Here, RTN4 is linked to stroke disorder.