The following are the limitations of the current study: (1) small iPS sample sizes; (2) iPS samples were not matched between cases and controls in terms of ethnicity and gender; (3) as no histopathological examinations were performed, it would be difficult to completely exclude the possible contribution of ‘gliosis' to elevated GFAP expression in schizophrenia brains; and (4) the precise mechanisms for the upregulation of GFAP and downregulation of MAP2 in the postmortem brain samples from schizophrenia remain elusive. This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and schizophrenia.