Using a model of inducible ELS formation, autoimmunity and exocrine dysfunction resembling SS that we recently developed and which is triggered by local viral infection in the salivary glands of C57BL/6 mice (3), Barone et al. demonstrated that the early production (i.e., within few hours from viral infection) of IL-22, a cytokine belonging to the IL-10 family, by γδT-cells first and by conventional CD4 T cells thereafter, was directly responsible for the induction of CXCL13 by a subset of resident stromal cells expressing gp38. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and viral infectious disease.