PROS1 and thrombophilia: Heritable thrombophilias ever reported with clinical significance include protein S deficiency, protein C deficiency, anti-thrombin III deficiency, Factor V Leiden mutation, and prothrombin mutation, however, there are ethnic differences: The most common heritable thrombophilias in the Caucasian populations are Factor V Leiden mutation and prothrombin mutation whereas in Taiwan, protein S, protein C, and antithrombin III deficiencies are the most common [10–14].