More recently, immunohistochemical stains for the autophagosome marker LC3-II and/or protein aggregate marker SQSTM1 have emerged as a more practical alternative: in the appropriate diagnostic setting, these immunohistochemical tests show high sensitivity and specificity for both toxic AVMs and IBM while lowering the cost and improving the turn-around-time compared to ultrastructural analysis [11, 15, 24]. This evidence concerns the gene SQSTM1 and inclusion body myositis.