Epigenetic profiling has revealed distinct DNA methylation patterns for TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive and negative PrCa tissues (15–17) and analyses of benign and tumor tissues suggest that hypermethylation is more pronounced in TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-negative PrCa compared with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive tumors, which mostly show moderately elevated DNA methylation (16,17). The gene discussed is ERG; the disease is neoplasm.