TNF and lung cancer: Besides, the DNA replication pathway19 commonly found by PD and SAM, the other 13 significant pathways are mainly associated with lung cancer, including pentose phosphate pathway20, oxidative phosphorylation9, 21, cysteine and methionine metabolism22, glutathione metabolism10, 11, 12, biosynthesis of amino acids23, ribosome24, proteasome13, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum25, 26, phagosome27 and TNF signaling pathway28.