KRAS and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In addition, several genes have been confirmed to be driver genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1), B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB2), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA)15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.