Moreover, we quantified the closeness of PARP9–PARP14 to autoimmune diseases, coronary artery disease and other diseases in the form of the distribution of shortest distances (Supplementary Fig. 5c) and demonstrated a clear separation between the distribution of diseases inside and outside the circle (Fig. 2), indicating an enrichment of shorter distances (d=1 and 2) for IFNγ-related autoimmune diseases (yellow) and coronary artery disease and osteoporosis (blue), compared with other cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (red; Supplementary Fig. 5c). This evidence concerns the gene PARP9 and autoimmune disease.