Pdx1can dramatically accelerate in vitro differentiation of ductalepithelial cells towards an insulin-producing phenotype [166].In streptozotocininduced diabetic mice, it wasdetermined that ductal cells express insulin in the early stages ofinflammation, followed by termination of production [167].This finding suggests induction of β-cellregeneration by an early-stage inflammatory response in type 1 diabetes. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.