In relation to T2DM, the most significant observation from the functional enrichment analysis of the microarray gene expression data was that the insulin-signalling pathway was down-regulated in NRs given PFJ, including genes for mitogen-activated protein triple kinases, Map3k2 and Map3k11, phosphatidylinositol kinases, Pik3r3 and Pi4ka, as well as syntaxin binding protein 2 (Stxbp2). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.