Infection of HKHA,NA virus in CLEC5A− and CLEC5A+ cells showed comparable M gene copies in M-Mφ (Fig. 2A) or GM-Mφ (Fig. 3A); however, reduced levels of IP-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IFN-α were observed from the CLEC5A− M-Mφ (Fig. 2B) or GM-Mφ (Fig. 3B) than the CLEC5A+ cells, although the level of reduction was not as obvious as that observed for the VNHA,NA virus. Here, TNF is linked to infection.