TGFB1 and ovarian cancer: Besides, HS-173 showed a significant effect on the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, which is consistent with the results from the study by Guanyu et al., showing that BEZ-235, a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, inhibited expression of Smad2/3 and Akt increased by TGF-β in ovarian cancer cells [47].