VEGFA and prostate cancer: Moreover, Paone et al. have shown that the stimulation of TLR3 by low doses of Poly(I:C) (0.05–5 μg/mL) in the prostate cancer cell line PC3 resulted in reduced apoptosis and in secretion of functional vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced by an increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) [21].