While the classical MDSC inducing factor GM-CSF has already been proposed as one of the leading candidates for anti-fungal adjunctive therapy (Vazquez et al., 1998; van de Veerdonk et al., 2012), in vivo generation of MDSCs or ex vivo expansion and adoptive transfer might become an interesting approach for future therapeutic strategies against infections caused by Candida species. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is infection.