Chronic activation of these macrophages and their subsequent release of adipo-cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1 and activation of NF-κB eventually cause insulin resistance in skeletal muscles (Xu et al., 2003; Kristiansen and Mandrup-Poulsen, 2005; Nieto-Vazquez et al., 2008). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Insulin resistance.