Although the precise mechanisms remain unclear, accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays a central role in surgery-induced cognitive impairment (Cibelli et al., 2010; Barrientos et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2014; Lu et al., 2015), which was confirmed by the up-regulation of IL-1β in the hippocampus in the present study. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Cognitive impairment.