NFKB1 and Nephropathy: Macrophages could activate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and active protein-1 (AP-1), up-regulate the expression of multiple cytokines, chemokines and adhesion factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-9 and matrix metalloprotein-9, induce mesangial cell proliferation and matrix deposition, and further aggravate the kidney damage [26, 27].