Notably, genes up-regulated in proliferative hemangiomas relative to the normal endothelial cell control (HUVEC) include vascular growth factors and receptors (ANPEP, FIGF [VEGFD], HGF, KDR, NRP1, NRP2, PGF, VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC), cytokines (CXCL5, CXCL8/IL8), adhesion molecules including NRP1, NRP2, extracellular matrix proteins and proteases (PLAU), and transcription factors (HIF1α). Here, PGF is linked to hemangioma.