VDR and hyperparathyroidism: Consistent with our finding, other studies have shown increased expression of VDR messenger RNA in osteoclast resorption lacunae from samples of hyperparathyroidism, osteoclastoma, or pagetic bone.33 It was of interest that beside osteoclasts, other bone cells, such as osteoblasts, newly embedded osteocytes, and adipocytes, as well as chondrocytes, also express VDR, confirming that bone cells could be a target for direct effect of vitamin D metabolites.