Kim et al [14] and Zhao et al [31] also found that median plasma OPN level in HCC patients was 955 (range 168 - 5,742 ng/mL) and 13.38 (range 9.2 - 23.6 ng/mL) respectively, and in CLD was 381 (range 29 - 1,688 ng/mL) and 4.5 (range 3.15 - 6.43 ng/mL) respectively. Here, SPP1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.