TNF and viral infectious disease: Levels of MCP2, TGF-β1, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL1-α IL1-β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40, OAS, PKR, TNF-α, MX-1, and VCAM were assessed using commercial ELISAs following manufacturer protocols in sera of animals challenged at early times (7, 10 and 14 days) post Pret4Δ9GL virus infection.