A pivotal role for innate immunity in MV-mediated anti-tumour effects has been demonstrated in studies where treatment of Burkitt’s lymphoma xenograft models with MV expressing murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was associated with neutrophil infiltration and tumour regression, significantly enhancing the therapeutic potential of the virus compared to the parental one [39]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and Burkitt lymphoma.