Genetic deficiency of CD18, CD11a, or CD11b or targeting β2 integrins with various inhibitory antibodies in rodents ameliorated ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in heart attacks, cerebral stroke, burns, and traumatic shock as well as autoimmune injury of the brain (multiple sclerosis), lung (asthma), and skin (psoriasis) and in native or transplanted kidneys (reviewed in128). The gene discussed is ITGAL; the disease is psoriasis.